PhyloCode: Index

The references are not to pages but to the Articles, Recommendations, etc. of this Code, as follows: Pre = Preamble; Pri = Principles; Numerals = Articles; Numerals followed by letters = Recommendations; Ex = Examples; N = Notes; App = Appendix; G = Glossary. The Preface is not covered by the Index.

If a term occurs in both an article, recommendation, or note and an accompanying example, often only the article, recommendation or note is cited. However, if the term appears in an example but not the article, recommendation, or note with which it is associated, the example is cited (e.g., 9.11.Ex1).

Abstract,
- as means of publication, 4.6
Acceptable name. See Name(s), acceptable.
Accepted name. See Name(s), accepted.
Amending this code, 22.3
Ancestor (common), 2.1, N2.1.1, 2.2, 9.5, N9.5.1, N9.5.2, 9.6, N9.6.1, 9.7, 9.9, N9.9.2, 9.10, 9.15, 10.1, 10.1A, N10.2.1, 10.5, 10D, 10F, N11.1.1.Ex1, 11.10A.1, N11.12.1, 11.12.Ex1, 11.12.Ex2, 13.1.Ex1, N13.1.1.Ex2, N13.2.1, N14.1.1.Ex1, G
Anonymous work,
- as means of publication, 4.6
Apo- (prefix), 10.8, 10.9
Apomorphy, G
- abbreviation for (in abbreviated definitions), N9.4.1
- as specifier, 9.7, 9.7A, 9.7B, 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, 11.1, 11.2
- citation of (for clade name establishment), 7.2
- clade conceptualization (part of), N15.11.4
- complex, 9.7B, 9.8, 11.12.Ex2
- etymological reference to, 10.2, 10.8, 10.9
- in protologue, 9C
- in qualifying clause, 9.7A
- not homologous, 11.13.Ex3
Apomorphy-based clade. See Clade(s), apomorphy-based.
Apomorphy-based definition(s). See Definition(s), apomorphy-based.
Apomorphy-modified node-based definition(s). See Definition(s), apomorphy-modified node-based.
Apostrophe (in name), 17.1, N18.1.2
Author(s) (of a name),
- bibliographic citation must include name of, 9.16
- citation of, 20
  - and publication year, N20.4.1
  - conventions under different rank-based codes, N11.3.2
  - if author does not use surname, N9.16.2
  - of converted name, 20.4
  - of emended definition, 20.2, 20.3, 20.6
  - “in” and “ex”, 20.7, 20.8
  - of preexisting name, N9.15A.1.Ex1, N9.15A.2.Ex1, N9.15A.2.Ex2, 9.15A.3, 9.15A.4, 20.4, 20.4A, 20.4B
  - of replaced name, 13.7
  - of replacement name, 20.5
  - position of, 20.2, 20.3
  - symbols, 20.2, N20.2.1
  - when a species is used as a specifier, 11.3
  - when a type specimen is used as a specifier, 11.5
- conceptualization of clade, N15.11.3
- converting, N10.1A.1
- definitional, N11.7.1, 11H, 11I, N15.10.1, N15.11.1.Ex1, N15.11.4, 15.12, 15.13.Ex1, 15.13.Ex2, 15.13.Ex3, 15.14, N15.14.1, 19.1, N19.1.2, 19.3, 20.1, 20.2, N20.2.1, 20.3, 20.4, 20.5, 20.6, G
- determination of, 9.15A.3, 9.15A.4, N19.1.3, N19.2.1, N19.2.2
- discretion of,
  - in choosing a new versus preexisting name, N10.2.1, 10D, 10F
  - in choosing between older and more recent traditions, N11A.1
- fraction of, used as guideline to assess spelling in prevailing use, 17.5A
- intent of, 8.4, 9.4A, 9.7A
- name adopted by, 7.2
- no longer alive, 8.4, 8.5, 18.5
- nominal, 9.15A, 19.1, N19.1.1, N19.1.2, N19.1.3, 19.3, 20.1, 20.2, N20.2.1, 20.3, 20.4, 20.4A, 20.4B, 20.5, G
- notifies registration database of publication, 8.1
- of apomorphy-based definition, 9.7B, 9.8
- of converted homonym, N10E.1
- of corrected definition, N8.4.1, 8.5
- of corrected spelling of name, 18.4, N18.4.1, 18.5
- of crown-clade definition, 9.9, 9.11, 9.12
- of differently spelled name, 9.15A.3, N9.15A.4
- of electronic material, 4.4B
- of emended and original definition, 15.14, N15.14.2
- of older works dealing only with extant organisms, N10.1B.1
- of prior application of name, N9.15.2
- of total-clade definition, 9.10
- original, 9.15
  - intent of, 11I
- role in establishing homonym, N13.1.1
- should determine the correct definition, 8.3, N8.3.1
- should determine the correct spelling, 18.3
- subsequent, 9.12, N9.15.1
Authorship (of names), 19
- attribution of, 9.15A.1, N19.1.3, 19.2, N19.2.1, N19.2.2
  - of preexisting name, N7.2.2, 9.15, 9.15A, 9.15A.1, 9.15A.3, 9.15A.4, 19.4, 19.5
  - of replacement name, 19.3
- citation of for specifier species names, N11.3.2
Bacterio- (prefix), 10D, 17.1
Binomen (binomina), N11.3.2, 21.2, 21.3A, 21.3B.Ex1–6, 21.4, 21.4A, 21.4B, 21.4B.1, N21A.2, N21A.3.Ex2, G
- interpretation under this code, 21.2
BioCode (draft), AppC
Branch, N15.11.4, G
Branch-based definition(s). See Definition(s), branch-based.
Branch-modified node-based definition(s). See Definition(s), branch-modified node-based.
Case law, Pri7
Categorical rank(s). See Rank(s) (categorical).
Citation,
- bibliographic, N7.2.2, 9.15
  - author(s)' name in, 9.16, N9.16.2
  - direct and unambiguous, 9.16
  - errors (do not invalidate establishment), N9.15.1
  - of protologue, N9.16.1
- of authorship of a name. See Author (of a name), citation of.
- of preexisting name, 9.15, 9.15A
- of reference phylogeny, 9.13
- of registration number, 20A
- of specimens, N7.2.1, 9.14
Clade(s), Pre1, Pre2, 1, 2, G
- apomorphies of, 7.2, N7.2.2, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, 9.13, N9.15.2, 9C
- apomorphy-based, N10.1.1, 10.1B
- category, 2.2, 15.10, 15.11, N15.11.3, N15.11.4
- composition of, N7.2.2, N9.5.2, N9.6.1, N9.7.1, 9.14, 9.15, N9.15.2, 9.15A, 9.15A.2, 10.1, N10.5.3, 10D.Ex1, 10F.Ex1–2, 11.2, 11.12, 11.13, 11.14, 11I, N15.11.1.Ex1, N15.11.4, 19.1, N21.1.1
  - stability of (in relation to conservation and emendation), 15.1
- conceptualization, 15.10, 15.11, N15.11.1, N15.11.3, N15.11.4, 15.12, 15.13
- crown, 2.2, 9.9, N9.9.3, 9.9A, 9.10, 9.11.Ex1, 9.12, N9.15A.2.Ex2, N10.1.1, 10.1B, 10.1B.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.3A.Ex1, 10.5, N10.5.1, N10.5.2, 10.7, 10.8, 10.9, 10G, N11.1.1.Ex1, 11F, 14.5, 15.11, N15.11.3, 15.13.Ex1, G
  - extinction of, N10.5.3
- definition of, 2.1
- description or diagnosis of, 9C
- diagnostic characters of, 9C, 15.1
- hierarchically related, 3.1
- how many an organism belongs to, N2.1.1
- hybrid origin of, 16.1, 16.2A
- hybrids between, 16.2
- low-level (e.g., that coincide with or overlap species boundaries), 11H, 11I, N21.1.1
- mutually exclusive, N2.1.3
- name. See Name(s), clade.
- naming all, N2.1.2
- naming poorly supported, 9A
- nested, N2.1.3, 21.3B, 21A.Ex1
- partially overlapping, N2.1.3
- ranked, 3.1
- referent of taxon name, 9.4
- referral of species not cited in definition, 9C
- sister, 11F, G
- subordinate, in definitions, N11.1.1
- symbol for (in abbreviated definition), N9.4.1
- synapomorphies of, 9C
- total, 2.2, 9.10, N9.10.1, 9.10A, N10.1.1, 10.1B, 10.2, 10.3, 10.3A, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7, 14.4, 14.5.Ex1, 15.11, N15.11.3, G
- within species, 11.7
Clarity (of names), Pre5, Pri2, Pri3
Clause, qualifying. See Qualifying clause.
Code(s), rank-based (traditional), Pre1, 1.1, 3.2, 9.15A.4, N9C.1, 10A, 10E, N11.3.2, 11.4, 11.5A, 11.6, 11.7A, 11.10, N11.11.2, 11J, N12.2.1, 17.1, 17B, 19.5, N19.5.1, 21.1, 21.2, 21.3, 21.3A, 21.3B, 21.4, N21A.2, N21A.3, G
- list of, Pre4
- concurrent use, Pre3,
  - distinguishing governance of names by different codes, 6.1B
- governing names of species used as specifiers, N11.3.1
- independence from, Pre4
- nomenclatural starting point, N19.1.1
Combination,
- binomial, See Binomen (binomina).
- of a genus name and a specific or infraspecific name or epithet (in a rank-based code), 21.3, 21.3B.Ex4, 21.3B.Ex5, 21.4B.1, N21A.3
- of a name and its definition, N12.1.1, 13.3
- original, N11.3.2
Committee on Phylogenetic Nomenclature (CPN),
Conditionally suppressed name. See Name(s), suppressed, conditionally.
Connotation. See Name(s), connotation of.
Conservation (of names), 4.1, 12.2, N12.2.1, 14.2, 15.2–15.3, 22.3, 22.6, 22.7, AppC
- bearing on precedence, 15.1, 15.6
- of later-established homonyms, N12.2.1
Conserved name. See Name(s), conserved.
Conversion, G
- of name in the species group to clade name, 10.10
- of preexisting name, 9.1, 10.1A
  - based on genus or other typified name, 11.10, 11.10A, 11.10B
  - citation of preexisting name and bibliographic reference, 9.15, 9.15A.3, N9.15A.4
  - in cases of homonymy, 10D, 10E
  - knowledge of group required for, 9B
  - orthographic requirements for, 17
- of specific or infraspecific epithet to clade name, 10.10
- of subdivision of a genus to clade name, 10F
- wholesale (discouraged), 9B
Converted name. See Name(s), converted.
Coordination, Principle of (ICZN), 9.15A.3, 20.4B
Correction of established names, 18 (See also Name(s), spelling of, corrections of)
Corrections, unjustified
- of definitions, 8.6
- of electronic publications, 4.5
- of spelling of names, 18.6
- to the registration database. See Registration, database, corrections to.
CPN. See Committee on Phylogenetic Nomenclature.
Crown-based total-clade definition. See Definition(s), total-clade, crown-based total-clade.
Crown clade(s). See Clade(s), crown.
Crown-clade definition(s). See Definition(s), crown clade.
Current usage. See Historical or current usage.
Date,
- of establishment, 12.2, N12.2.1, 12.3, 15.1
- of publication, N4.2.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 12.3, 13.4, 14.3, 22.10, AppA
  - relative to extant status of organisms or species, 9.9, 9.10, 9.11, 9.12
- of registration, 12.3, 13.4, 14.3, AppA
- starting (for this code), Pre6, N6.2.1, 7.1, N10.3.1, N10.8.1
Definition(s), G
- abbreviations, 9.4, 9.4A, N10.5.1, N11.12.1, N15.11.3
- apomorphy-based, 9.7, N14.1.2, 17.1, G
  - abbreviation, 9.7
  - alternative wordings of relative to homonymy, N13.2.1
  - based on complex apomorphy, 9.8, 9.7B
  - cannot be used to define the name of a crown clade, 9.9
  - cannot be used to define the name of a total clade, 9.10
  - illustration or detailed description of apomorphy, 9.7A
  - multiple apomorphies used, 9.8
  - necessarily identifies a clade, N9.7.1
  - of new name, 10.2
  - of preexisting name, 10.9
  - specifiers of, 11.1, 11.2
  - extinct, N9.9.3
  - unrestricted emendations involving, 15.11
  - with more than one internal specifier, 11.13, 11.13.Ex3
  - wording of, 9.7
- apomorphy-modified node-based, 9.9, G
- branch-based, 9.6, G
- branch-modified node-based, 9.9, G
- correction of errors in, 8.3, N8.3.1, 8.4, N8.4.1, 8.5, N8.5.1, N8.5.2, 8.6, 8A
- crown-clade, 9.9, N9.9.3, 9.11, 9.12, 10.4, N15.11.3, G
  - abbreviation, 9.9
  - apomorphy-modified crown-clade, 9.9, N15.11.2, G
    - alternative wordings of relative to homonymy, N13.2.1
    - specifiers of, 11.2
  - directly-specified-ancestor, N9.9.2
  - maximum-crown-clade, 9.9, N15.11.2, G
    - alternative wordings of relative to homonymy, N13.2.1
    - reciprocal, 11F
    - specifiers of, 11.2
    - with more than one internal specifier, 11.13.Ex2
  - minimum-crown-clade, 9.9, N15.11.1.Ex1, N15.11.2, G
    - alternative wordings of relative to homonymy, N13.2.1
    - implicit vs explicit, N9.9.1
    - specifiers of, 11.2
    - with external specifiers, 11.3.Ex1
  - variants of, N15.11.2
- different (in identifying homonyms and synonyms), N13.1.1, 13.2, N13.2.1, N14.1.2
- directly-specified-ancestor, N9.5.1, G
  - alternative wordings of relative to homonymy, N13.2.1
  - to identify a crown clade, N9.9.2
- emendation of, 15.1, 15.8–15.15, 22.6, 22.7, G
  - determination whether restricted or unrestricted, 15.13, 22.6, 22.8
  - restricted, 15.8, 15.10, N15.10.1, 15.13, 22.6, 22.8, G
  - unrestricted, 11I, 11J, 15.8, 15.11, N15.11.1, N15.11.2, N15.11.3, 15.12, 15.13, 22.6, 22.8, G
    - precedence relative to original definition, 15.15
    - registration of, N15.14.1
    - who may publish, 15.14, N15.14.2
- errors subsequent to establishment, 8.6
- maximum-clade, 9.6, N13.1.1.Ex2, 13.2, N14.1.2, G
  - abbreviation, 9.6
  - alternative wordings of relative to homonymy, N13.2.1
  - necessarily identifies a clade, N9.6.1
  - operators (“and” vs “or”) to use with external specifiers, N9.6.2
  - reciprocal, 11F
  - specifiers of, 11.1, 11.2, 11E
    - extinct, N9.9.3
  - to define the name of a crown clade, 9.9
  - to define the name of a total clade, 9.10
  - unrestricted emendations involving, 15.11
  - with more than one internal specifier, 11.13
  - wording of, 9.6
- minimum-clade, 9.5, N9.5.1, N13.1.1.Ex2, 13.2, N14.1.2, G
  - abbreviation, 9.5
  - alternative wordings of relative to homonymy, N13.2.1
  - cannot define the name of a total clade, 9.10
  - necessarily identifies a clade, N9.5.2
  - specifiers of, 11.1, 11.2, 11D, 11F
    - extinct, N9.9.3
  - to define the name of a crown clade, 9.9, 9.9A
  - unrestricted emendations involving, 15.11
  - used in conjunction with reciprocal maximum-clade definitions, 11F
  - with external specifiers, N9.6.2, 11.13
  - wording of, 9.5
- node-based, 9.5 and its footnote, G
- phylogenetic, 6.1B, N7.2.1, 9, G
  - author of, 19.1
  - categories of, 9.4
  - context provided by reference phylogeny, 9.13
  - criteria for being considered different, 13.2
  - emendation of, 15.8
  - language of (English or Latin), 9.3
  - must not be confined to an electronic supplement, N.7.2.2
  - of base name, 11G
  - purpose of, Pri2, 9.4
  - relationship to homonymy, 13.1
  - requirement for establishment, 9.3
  - specifiers cited in, 11.1, N11.1.1
  - that render the name inapplicable in some phylogenetic contexts, 11.12
  - wording of, 9.4A, 10.5, N10.5.2, N13.2.1
- registered but not published, 8B, 8C
- of replacement name, 13.5, 19.3
- stem-based, 9.6, G
- stem-modified node-based, 9.9, G
- total-clade, 9.10, N15.11.3, G
  - crown-based total-clade, 9.10, G
    - all specifiers implicit, N9.10.2
    - alternative wordings of relative to homonymy, N13.2.1
  - maximum-total-clade, 9.10, G
    - application to total clade should be explicit, 9.10A
    - alternative wordings of relative to homonymy, N13.2.1
    - implicit vs explicit, N9.10.1
    - with more than one internal specifier, 11.13.Ex2
Definitional author. See Author (of a name), definitional.
Description, 6.2, N7.2.1, N9.15.2, 9C, N9C.1, 11.9, N19.1.3, G
Diacritical signs, 17.1
Diaeresis, 17.1, N18.1.2
Diagnosis, 6.2, N7.2.1, 9C, N9C.1, N19.1.3, G
Directly-specified-ancestor definition. See Definition(s), directly-specified-ancestor.
Dissertation(s) (and publication), N4.2.3, 4.6
Electronic publication. See Publication, electronic.
Emendation of definition. See Definition(s), emendation of.
English,
- language of clade name, 17.1, 17A
- language of definition, 9.3
Entity(ies),
- after which a clade is named, 17A
- to which precedence applies, N12.1.1
Epithet (ICNAFP, ICNP), N11.3.2, 21.2, 21.3, 21.3B.Ex3–5, 21.4B, 21.4B.1, 21A.Ex1–2, N21A.3, N21A.3.Ex2, G
- conversion to clade name, 10.10
- infraspecific, 10.10, G
- not unique, 10F
Errors,
- accidental (in definition subsequent to establishment), 8.6
- in bibliographic citation, N9.15.1
- orthographical, 17.5A, 19.5
- typographical, 8.4, 8.5, 17.5A, 18.1, 18.4, 18.5, 19.5
Established name(s). See Name(s), established.
Establishment, 6.2
- challenging, N11.7.1
- consideration of possible nomenclatural consequences, 9A
- date of. See Date, of establishment.
- not invalidated by errors in bibliographic citation of preexisting name, N9.15.1
- not invalidated by failure to follow rules of Latin grammar, 17B
- of species names not governed by this code, 21.1
- requirements, 7, 7.3, 9, N19.1.3
  - for replacement name, 13.6, 13.7
  - orthographic, 17
- selection of clade names for, 10
- starting date (of this code), Pre6, 7.1
- supplemental information recommended for, 9C
Ethics, code of, AppB
Example(s), function of, Pre5
Extant, Pre2, N2.1.1, 2.2, 9.9, 9.10, N9.10.1, N9.10.2, 9.11, 9.12, 10.1B.1, 10.5, N10.5.2, N10.5.3, 11F, 15.11, N15.11.2, 15.13.Ex1, G
External specifier(s). See Specifier(s), external.
Extinct, Pre2, N2.1.1, N9.9.3, 9.11.Ex1, 10.1B, 10.5, 10G.Ex1, 11.10B.Ex1, 15.13.Ex1
Extinction (of crown clades), N10.5.3
Genera, subdivisions of (in rank-based codes), 10F, N10F1.1, 17.1
Genus (rank), 3.1, 10.10.Ex1, 10D.Ex1, 10F, 11G.2.Ex1, 21.2, 21.3, 21.3B.Ex3, 21.3B.Ex5–6, 21A.Ex1, N21A.2, G (See also Name(s), generic (or genus).
Governance (of phylogenetic nomenclature), 22
Heterodefinitional. See Synonym(s), heterodefinitional.
Hierarchical relationships, 3.1, 11.14.Ex1
- among taxa whose names are combined with a species uninomen, 21.4B.1, 21A
- implied by prefixes and suffixes, 11G, N11G.1
Historical (traditional) or current use, capturing,
- choice of name, N9.15.2, 10.1, 10.9
- choice of specifiers, 11.10, 11.10A, 11.10B, 11A, N11A.1, N15.10.1
- emendation, N15.10.1
- qualifying clause, 11.12.Ex1-2
History, human, 9.9, 9.10
Holotype. See Type specimen(s), as specifiers.
Homodefinitional. See Synonym(s), homodefinitional.
Homologous, 11.13.Ex3, G
Homonym(s), 6.5, 13.1, 13.2, 19.1, G (See also Homonymy.)
- circumstances resulting in, N13.1.1
- cross-code, 10D, N12.2.1
- earlier established, N12.2.1, 13.5
- errors and unjustified corrections are not treated as, 8.6
- in relation to registration, 8.1B, 8C
- later (not acceptable), 6.4, 13.3, 13.5, AppB.3, AppC
- precedence among, 12.1, N12.1.1, 13.3, 13.4
- suppression of, 15.4, 15.5, 15.7
Homonymy, 13, AppC (See also Homonym(s))
- across rank-based codes, 10D, N12.2.1
- among preexisting names, 9.15A.2, 10.2
- independent of rank, 3.2
- within rank-based codes, 10E, N10E.1, 10F
Hybridization, N2.1.3, N9.3.1
Hybrid(s), 16
- formula, 16.2, 16.2A, G
- indication by multiplication sign, 16.1
Hybrid formula. See Hybrid(s), formula.
Hyphen (in name), 10.3, 10.8, 10D, 10D.Ex1, 10F, 17.1
Hypothesis, phylogenetic. See Phylogenetic hypothesis.
Ichnotaxa, 11C
ICNAFP. See International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants.
ICNP. See International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes.
ICVCN. See International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature.
ICZN. See International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.
Image, 4.2, 4.6
- of a specimen used as a specifier, 11.9, AppA
Internal specifier(s). See Specifier(s), internal.
International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (ICNAFP), Pre4, 6.1A.1, 6.1B.Ex2, 6.2, N6.2.1, N7.2.1, 9.15A, 9.15A.1, 9.15A.3, 9.15A.4, N9C.1, 10.10, 10D, 10D.Ex1, 10E, 10F, N11.3.1, N11.3.2, 11.10.Ex4, 11.10B.Ex1, 17.3A, N19.1.3, N19.5.1.Ex1, 20.8, 21.1, 21.2, 21.3, 21.3A.3, 21.3B.Ex3, 21.4, 21.4A, 21.4B, 21.4B.1, N21A.3, N21A.3.Ex2, AppC
International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP), Pre4, 6.2, N6.2.1, N7.2.1, 9.15A, 9.15A.1, 9.15A.3, 9.15A.4, N9C.1, 10.10, 10D, 10E, 10F, 21.1, 21.2, 21.3B.Ex3, 21.4, 21.4A, 21.4B, N21A.3, AppC
International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature (ICVCN), Pre4, 6.2, N6.2.1, 21.2
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), Pre4, 6.1A.1, 6.2, N6.2.1, N7.2.1, 9.15A, 9.15A.1, 9.15A.3, 9.15A.4, N9C.1, 10.10, 10D, 10D.Ex1, 10E, 10F, N11.3.1, N11.3.2, 11C, 17.3A, 20.4B, 21.1, 21.2, 21.3, 21.3B.Ex1, 21.3B.Ex3, 21.4, 21.4A, 21.4B, 21.4B.1, N21.4B.1.Ex1, 21A.Ex2, N21A.3, N21A.3.Ex1, AppC
International Society for Phylogenetic Nomenclature (ISPN), 22.1, 22.2, 22.4, 22.6–22.9, 22.11, AppA
Internet. See Publication, electronic.
Interpretation of rules, 22.8
ISPN. See International Society for Phylogenetic Nomenclature.
Italicization, 6.1A, 6.1A.1, 10.3A
Latin,
- description or diagnosis, 6.2, N19.1.3
- grammar, 17B
- language of definition, 9.3
- language of clade names, 17.1, 17.3, 17.3A, 17.3B, 17.4, 17A, 18.2
Lectotype. See Type specimen(s), as specifiers.
Ligatures, 17.1
Lineage(s), N14.1.2, G
Maximum-clade definition. See Definition(s), maximum-clade.
Maximum-crown-clade definition. See Definition(s), crown-clade, maximum-crown-clade.
Maximum-total-clade definition. See Definition(s), total-clade, maximum-total-clade.
Microfiche,
- as means of publication, 4.6
Microfilm,
- as means of publication, 4.6
Minimum-clade definition. See Definition(s), minimum-clade.
Minimum-crown-clade definition. See Definition(s), crown-clade, minimum-crown-clade.
Misspellings,
- accidental (of name subsequent to establishment), 18.6
Modifications (of this code), 22.9–22.11
Monophyly (monophyletic), N9.15.2, 11A, 21.3A.3, 21.3B, 21A.Ex2, G
Myco- (prefix), 10D, 17.1
Name(s), G
- acceptable, 6.4, 6.6, 10D, 10E, 10F, 11.15, 13.3, 13.5, 14.2, 15.5, 15.7, G, AppC
- accepted, Pri3, 6.5, 6.6, 10.7, 12.1, 14.2, 14.5.Ex1, G, AppC
- authorship of. See Authorship (of names).
- clade, 1.1, 6.1B, 21.1
  - based on preexisting genus name, 10.10.Ex1, 10F, 10G, 11.10, 11.10A, 11.10B, 21.3A, 21.3B, 21.4A, 21A.Ex1-21A.Ex2
  - capitalization of, 10.3, 10.3A, 10F, 17.1
  - converted, 8.4, 9.2, 10.4A, 11A, 18.4, N19.1.2, 20.4.Ex1-2, G, AppA. (See also Name(s), converted.)
  - crown, 10.1B, 10.1B.1, 10.2, N10.2.1, 10.7, 10.8, 10G, 14.2, 14.5
  - defined to be inapplicable under certain phylogenetic hypotheses, 11.12, 11.13
  - defined to restrict composition under alternative phylogenetic hypotheses, 11.14
  - derived from the stem of a typified name under a rank-based code, 11.10
  - form of, 17.1, 17.3, 17.3A, 17.3B, 17.4, 17B
  - governed by this code, 2.2
  - independent of categorical ranks, 3.1
  - low-level (coinciding with or nesting within species), N21.1.1
  - may not be converted from preexisting specific or infraspecific epithet, 10.10
  - new, 8.4, 8C, 9.1, 9.2, 10.2, 10.4A, 17B, 18.4, G, AppA
    - nominal and definitional authors the same, N19.1.2, N20.2.1
    - selection of, 10A, 10B, 10C, N11G.2, 17.3B
  - not to be based on names of ichnotaxa or ootaxa, 11C
  - prefixes, 10.3, 10.8, 10D, 11G, N11G.1, N11G.2, 17.1
  - registered but not published, 8B, 8C
  - selection of, 10, 10.1, 10.1A, 10A, 10B, 10C, 11C, 12
    - if based on genus name under rank-based codes, 11.10A, 11.10B
    - to minimize disruption of current/historical usage, 10.1
  - source of (preexisting and new), 9.1
  - suffixes, 11G, N11G.1
  - total, 10.2, 10.3, 10.3A, 10.6, 10.7
  - unaffected by connotations, 6.6
- connotation of, 6.6, 10C
- conserved, 12.2, 15.3, 15.6, 15.7, G, AppC (See also Conservation.)
- converted, 6.3, N7.2.2, 8.4, 9.1, 9.2, 9.15, N9.15.1, N9.15.2, 9.15A, N.15A.3, 9.15A.4, 10.4A, 10.6, 10.9, 10.10, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 11.10. 11.10B, N11.11.2, 11A, N11A.1, N11G.2, 19.1, N19.1.2, 20.2, 20.4, N20.4.1, 20.4B, G, AppA, AppC (See also Conversion.)
  - spelling, 17.5, 17.5A, N18.1.1
  - nominal and definitional authors often different, N19.1.2
- earlier (established), 12.2, N12.2.1, N13.1.1, 14.5, 15.4, AppC
- established, 5.1, 6.1, 6.1B, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 7.2, N7.2.1, N7.2.2, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.13, N9.13.2, 9.14, 9.15, N9.15.2, 9A, 10.1A, 10.2, 10.3, 10D, 10F, 12.1, 12.2, N12.2.1, 13.1, N13.1.1, 13.5, 13.6, 14.1, 14.4, 14.5, 15.5, 15.6, 15.7, 17.1, 17.4, 17.5, 17A, 18.1, N18.1.2, 18.6, 20A, N21.1.1, 21.3A, 21.3A.1, 21.3B, 21.4A, G, AppC
- generic (or genus), 10.10.Ex1, 10D.Ex1, 10F, 10G, 11.10, N11G.2, 21.2, 21.3, N21.3A.2–3, 21.4, 21.4A, 21.4B, 21.4B.1, 21A, 21A.Ex1–2, N21A.1, N21A.2, N21A.3, N21A.3.Ex1–2, G (under “genus”)
  - indicating whether it is an established clade name, 21.3A, 21.3A.2
  - selection of, when publishing a new species name, 21.3B
- governance by different codes, 6.1B
- inaccurate connotations, 6.6
- inapplicable in certain phylogenetic contexts, N9.5.2, N9.6.1, N9.6.2, N9.7.1, 11.12, 11.13, 11.14, 11.15.Ex1, 11G.Ex1
- informal, 9A, 10.3A, 17.3B
- infraspecific, G
  - conversion to clade name, 10.10
  - establishment not governed by this code, 21.1, N21.1.1
  - governed by rank-based codes, 21.1, 21.3
  - use in conjunction with clade names, 21.1
- italicization of. See Italicization.
- language, 17.3, 17.3A, 17.3B
- later (established), 6.4, 12.2, N12.2.1, N13.1.1, 13.3, 13.5, 14.4, 14.5.Ex1, 15.4, AppB.3, AppC
- Latin alphabet and grammar, 17.3, 17A, 17B, 18.2
- latinization of, 17.3A, 17.3B, 17.4, 18.2
- misleading connotations, 6.6
- panclade, 10.1A, 10.2–10.7, N15.11.3, 17.1, G
  - and extinction of crown clade, N10.5.3
  - definition of, 10.5, N10.5.2
    - abbreviation of, N10.5.1
  - form of, 10.3
  - informal, 10.3A
  - precedence of, 12.2, 14.2, 14.4, 14.5
- person’s, 17.4, 17A
  - in a bibliographic citation if surname not used, N9.16.2
- phylogenetically defined before starting date of this code, N6.2.1, N10.3.1, N10.8.1
- preexisting, Pre4, 6.2, N6.2.1, N7.2.2, 10.2, 10.6, N10.8.1, 10.9, 10.10, N10.3.1, N10.8.1, 10.10, 11A, N11G.2, G, AppA, AppB.2
  - attribution or citation of authorship of, 9.15, N9.15.1, 9.15A, 9.15A.1, 9.15A.4, N19.1.3, 19.4, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4, 20.4A, 20.4B
  - choice of, 10.1A, 10D, 10E, 10G, 10F
  - citation of publication year of, N20.4.1
  - conversion of, 6.3, 9.1, 9.15, 9B
  - current use of, 11G
  - homonymy of, N9.15A.2
  - lacking a Latin description, 6.2
  - lack of, 10.2, N10.2.1
  - phylogenetically ambiguous, N10.1.1, 10.1A
  - preference over new name, 10.1
  - prior application to clade, 9.15, N9.15.2
  - registered but not published, 8C
  - spelling of, 9.15A, 9.15A.2, 9.15A.3, 9.15A.4, 17.1, 17.2, 17.5, 17.5A, N18.1.1, 19.5, N19.5.1
  - type of, 11.10, 11.10A, 11.10A.1, 11.10B
  - typified, 11.10
- pronounceable, 17A
- purpose of, Pri1
- replaced, 13.5, 13.7, 19.3, 20.5, AppA
- replacement, 10E, 13.5, 13.6, 13.7, N19.1.2, 19.3, 20.3, 20.5, G, AppB.3, AppC
- scientific, Pre1, 1.1, 6.1A, 6.1A.1, 6.2, 17.3A, 17.3B, G
- single word, 17.1
- species (or specific), 21, G (binomen)
  - citation when type specimen used as specifier, 11.5
  - establishment not governed by this code, 21.1
  - governed by rank-based codes, N11.3.1, 21.1, 21.3
  - group (ICZN), 10.10
  - indicating previous combinations under rank-based codes, N21A.3
  - publication under rank-based codes, 21.3
    - indicating whether genus name is an established clade name under this code, 21.3A
    - indicating non-monophyly of genus, 21.3A.2, N21.3A.3
    - selection of genus name, 21.3B and examples
  - typification of, under rank-based code, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7A, 11.10B
  - uninomen (second part of binomen), treated as, 21.4, 21.4B, G
    - combined with clade names that are not genus names, 21A, N21A.2
      - ending of uninomen does not change, N21A.1
    - combined with more than one clade name, 21A
  - use in conjunction with clade names, 21.1
  - use of, subsequent to publication, 21.4, 21.4A, 21.4B, 21.4B.1, 21A, N21A.1, N21A.2, N21A.3
- specific (ICZN), 21.2, 21.3, N21A.3, 21.3B.Ex3–5, 21.4B, 21.4B.1, 21A.Ex1–2, N21A.3, G
  - conversion to clade name, 10.10
- spelling of, 3.1, 8.1B, 9.15A, 9.15A.3, 9.15A.4, 17.1, 17.2, 17.4, 17.5, 18.1, N18.1.1, N18.1.2, 18.3, N18.3.1, 18.6
  - correction of, 18.1, 18.2, N18.3.1, 18.4, N18.4.1, 18.4A, 18.5, N18.5.1, 18A, 19.5, N19.5.1
    - unjustified, 18.6
  - incorrect, 18.6
  - prevailing, 17.5A, N18.1.1, 19.5
- stability of, Pri4, 15.1
- subdivisions of genera (in rank-based codes), 10F
- subgenus, 10F.Ex2, 11.10.Ex3
- superfluous, AppC (See also G, replacement name.)
- suppressed, 15.3–15.5, 15.7, G, AppA, AppC
  - conditionally, 15.4, G
  - unconditionally, 15.4, 15.5, 15.7, G
- supraspecific, 6.1B, 10.10
- taxon, Pri1, Pri2, 9.4, 9.9, 9.10, 10G, N11.11.1, N19.1.3, G
- traditional use of, N9.15.2, 11A, N11A.1
- typified, 11.6, 11.10, 11.10B.Ex1, N11.11.2, G, AppA
- uniqueness of, Pri3, 10F, 12.1
- unnecessary substitute, AppC (see also G, replacement name.)
- unranked, 6.2
- vernacular, 6.1A, 17.3B
- widely used, 8C, 10.1A, 10.1A.1, 10.1B, 10.2, 10D, 10F
Node, 9.5 (footnote), G (see also G, branch, phylogenetic tree.)
Node-based definition(s). See Definition(s), node-based.
Nomen cladi conversum, 9.2, G
Nomen cladi novum, 9.2, G
Nomen substitutum, 13.6, G, AppB.3, (see also G, replacement name)
Nomenclatural act, 4.1, N4.2.2, 7.3
Nomenclature,
- system of, Pre1, 3.1, N11G.2 (see also G, phylogenetic system, rank-based system)
Nominal author. See Author (of a name), nominal.
Non-monophyly (non-monophyletic), 11.7, 21.3A.2, 21.3A.3
Note(s), function of, Pre5
Number, registration, AppA
- assignment of, 8.1
- citation of, 7.2, 20A
- in protologue, N7.2.1, N7.2.2
- lowest, 13.4, 14.3
- of replaced name, 13.7
- permanent, 8.1, AppA
- temporary, 8.1, AppA
Numerals (in a clade name), 17.1
Ootaxa, 11C
Operators (“and” vs “or”) to use with external specifiers, N9.6.2
Orthography, 17, N18.1.2, G (See also Name(s), spelling of.)
Pan- (prefix), 10.3, 10.4A, N11G.1 (See also G, panclade name.)
Panclade name. See Name(s), panclade.
Paraphyletic, 9.15, 10.1, 10.1A, N10.2.1, 10D, 10F, G
Patent,
- as means of publication, 4.6
Peer review, 4.2, N4.2.2, N4.2.3, 4.6
Phyco- (prefix), 10D, 17.1
Phylogenetic, G
- analysis, N9.15.2
- context, Pri5, Pri6, 6.5, N9.3.1, N9.5.2, N9.6.1, N9.6.2, N9.7.1, 9.9, N9.9.3, 9.10, 9.13, N9.13.1, 11.12, 11.12.Ex1, 11.12.Ex2, 11.13.Ex1–3, 11.14.Ex1, 11.15, 11G.Ex1, 11H, 11I, 13.1.Ex1, N14.1.1, 14.5.Ex1, N15.10.1, N15.11.1, 15.15 (see also G, conditionally suppressed name, reference phylogeny)
- definition. See Definition(s), phylogenetic.
- hypothesis, Pri6, 6.5, N9.5.2, N9.6.1, N9.6.2, N9.7.1, 9.9, N9.9.3, 9.10, 9.13, 9A, 11.12, 11.13, 11.14, 11.15, 11D, 11E, 13.1, 15.13.Ex1, 15.13.Ex2, 15.13.Ex3, G (see also G, reference phylogeny)
- information, N21A.2
- position (of specifier), N11.1.1
- tree, G (see also G, branch, node)
Phylogenetic system (of nomenclature), G (See also Nomenclature, system of.)
Phylogeny, G
- explicit, published, 9.13
- hypothesized, required for application of phylogenetic definition, N9.3.1
- poorly supported, 9A
- reference, 7.2, N7.2.2, 9.13, N9.13.1, N9.13.2, 9.13A, 9.13B, N15.10.1, G (see also G, phylogenetic tree), AppA
  - inclusion of specifiers in, 11.11, N11.11.1, N11.11.2
  - primary, 9.13B
Phylonyms: A Companion to the PhyloCode, Pre6, N4.2.4, 7.1, N9.15.2.Ex1, 10.8.Ex1, 11.13.Ex3
Phyto- (prefix), 10D, 17.1
Precedence, 12, G (see also G, conserved name, suppressed name, unconditionally suppressed name), AppC
- among homonyms, 12.1, N12.1.1, N12.2.1, 13.3, 13.4
  - under rank-based code, 10E
- among synonyms, 12.1, N12.1.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5
- based on date of establishment, 12.2, N12.2.1, 12.3
- between original and emended definitions, 15.15
- independent of rank, 3.2
- involving conserved names, 15.6
- of accepted name, 6.5
- of panclade names, 10.7.Ex1, 12.2, 14.4, 14.5
- of species names, 21.1
- of suppressed names, 15.5
- of 10.1A versus 10.1B, 10.1B
- overriding, 15.1
Precedents,
- consideration by CPN, Pri7
Preexisting name(s). See Name(s), preexisting.
Prefixes. See Name(s), clade, prefixes.
Principle of Coordination. See Coordination, Principle of.
Prokaryo- (prefix), 10D, 17.1
Protisto- (prefix), 10D
Protologue, 7.2, N7.2.1, N7.2.2, 9.2, 9.7B, 9.8, 9.11, 9.13, 9.13B, 9.14, 9.15A.2, N9.16.1, 9C, 11.11, N11.11.2, 11H, 11I, 13.6, 17.1, 17.5A, 18.1, 19.2, N19.2.2, 19.4, 20.8, 20A, G
- correction of errors in, 8.3, N8.3.1, 8.4, N8.4.1, 8.5, N8.5.1, N8.5.2, 8A, 18.3, N18.3.1, 18.4, N18.4.1, 18.5
- information related to emendation, 15.11, N15.11.3, N15.11.4, 15.12, 15.13
Publication,
- before starting date of this code (i.e., the publication of Phylonyms), N4.2.4, N6.2.1
- date of. See Date, of publication.
- definition of, 4.2
- electronic, 4.2, 4.3
  - archival standard, 4.4A
  - archiving in digital repositories, 4.4B
  - subsequent alteration of, 4.5
  - supplementary material in, 4.2
    - information that must not be confined to, N7.2.2
- forms of dissemination that do not qualify as, 4.6
- ISBN (International Standard Book Number), 4.2
- ISSN (International Standard Serial Number), 4.2
- manuscript release in stages, N4.2.1
- of corrections of spelling of names, 18.4, 18.5, N18.5.2
- of emendations, 15.9
- of modifications to the PhyloCode, 22.11
- of names and nomenclatural acts, 4.1
- online, 4.2, 4.3
- original (of name), 9.15A, N9.15A.1
- PDF (Portable Document Format) in, 4.2, 4.4, 4.4A
- registration prior to, 8.1, 8.1A
- requirements for, 4
- simultaneous under rank-based code, N9C.1
Qualifying clause, 6.5, N9.5.2, N9.6.1, N9.6.2, N9.7.1, 9.7A, 11.12, 11.12.Ex1–2, 11.13, 11.15.Ex1, 11G.Ex1, 13.2, 15.10, 15.11, G, AppA
Rank(s) (categorical), 3, 9.15A, N9.15A.1.Ex1, 9.15A.4, G
- decreased emphasis on under this code, N21A.3
- endings not reflective of, 6.1B
- genus. See Genus.
- group (ICZN), N9.15A.3
- independence of this code from, 3.1, 3.2, 21.2
- name used in association with more than one, 20.4A
- specific ending, N11G.2
- suprageneric, N21A.3
- use of, N3.1.1
Rank-based code(s). See Code(s), rank-based.
Rank-based system (of nomenclature), G
Ratification, of this code, 22.3, 22.9–22.11
Recommendations,
- concerning the use of species names under this code, 21
- of rank-based codes, 17B
- status of, Pre5
Reference phylogeny. See Phylogeny, reference.
Registration,
- changing or removing name or definition after submission to database, 8.2, 8.2A
- Committee (of ISPN), 22.1, 22.2
- database,
  - annotation of conserved and suppressed names in, 15.3, 22.7
  - corrections to, 8.2, 8.3, N8.3.1, 8.4, N8.4.1, 8.5, N8.5.1, N8.5.2, 8A, 18.3, N18.3.1, 18.4, N18.4.1, 18.4A, 18.5, N18.5.1, 18A
  - management of, 22.2, AppA
  - submitting image of a specifier specimen, 11.9
  - unpublished names in, 8B, 8C
- date. See Date, of registration.
- and homonyms, 8.1B, 8C, 13.4
- number. See Number, registration.
- of emendations, 15.9, 15.14, N15.14.1
- and original spelling of a name, 18.1
- procedure, N8.1.1, AppA
- required data for, N8.1.1, AppA
- requirement for establishment, 7.2, 8.1
- and synonyms, 8.1B, 14.3
- timing of, 8.1, 8.1A
Registration number. See Number, registration.
Replacement name. See Name(s), replacement.
Restricted emendation. See Definition(s), emendation of, restricted.
Retroactiveness,
- of this code, Pre6
Rules, Pre1, 6.3, 6.4
- for naming clades of hybrid origin, 16.1
- interpretation, 22.8
- of rank-based codes, 17B, N19.1.3
- status of, Pre5
Scientific name(s). See Name(s), scientific.
Sister clade. See Clade(s), sister; Sister group.
Sister group, 9.6, N9.6.2, N11.12.1.Ex1–2, 11D, 11E, N15.11.1.Ex1, N15.11.2.Ex1, 15.13.Ex3 (See also Clade(s), sister.)
Species, 1.1, 2.2, 9.6, 9.14, 21, G, AppA
- ancestral, 2.1, 9.5 (footnote), N9.9.2
- as specifiers, N9.4.1, 9.7, N9.9.2, 9.10, N9.10.2, 9.11, 10.5, N10.5.2, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, N11.3.1, 11.4, 11A.Ex1, 11B, 11H, 11I, 11J, N14.1.2, 15.13.Ex2–3
- boundaries, 11H
- category, G (under categorical rank)
  - rejection of, N11.7.1
- criteria, 11H
- definition, N11.7.1,
- extant, 9.9, N9.9.2, N9.10.2, 9.11, 9.12, N10.1B.1.Ex1, 10.5, N10.5.2
- extinct, 10G.Ex1
- group (ICZN), 10.10
- referral to clade, 9C
- re-circumscribed, 11.6
- names. See Name(s), species.
- new, 21.3B
- non-monophyletic, 11.7
- type, 10F, 11.10, 11.10A, N11.10A.1
- type specimen of, 11.4, 11.5, 11.10, 11I, 11J
Species fusion, N2.1.3, N9.3.1
Specifier(s), 11, G
- apomorphies as, 9.7, 9.7A, 9.7B, 9.8, 9.9, 11.1, 11.2
- choice of, 11.10, 11.10A, 11.10B, 11A, 11B, 11C
  - for low-level clades, 11H
  - in maximum-clade definitions, 11E, 11F
  - in minimum-clade definitions, 11D, 11F
- citation of author and publication year, 11.3, N11.3.2, 11.5
- definition of, 11.1
- extant, N9.9.2, 9.10, N9.10.1, N9.10.2, 9.11, 9.12
- external, N9.4.1, N9.5.2, 9.6, N9.6.1, N9.6.2, 9.9, 9.10, N9.10.1, N9.10.2, N10.5.2, N10.5.3, 11.2, 11.13, 11E, 11F, G
  - operators (“and” vs “or”) to use with, N9.6.2
- ichnotaxa as, 11C
- implicit, N10.5.2, N10.5.3
- inclusion in reference phylogeny, 11.11, N11.11.1, N11.11.2
- internal, N9.4.1, 9.5, N9.5.1, N9.5.2, 9.6, N9.6.1, N9.6.2, 9.7, N9.7.1, 9.9, N9.9.1, N9.9.2, N9.9.3, 9.10, N9.10.1, N9.10.2, 9.11, N10.5.2, 11.2, N11.11.2, 11.13, 11A, 11D, 11F, G
  - extinct, N9.9.3
- ootaxa as, 11C
- species as, 9.11, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, N11.3.1, 11.4, 11H, 11I, 11J
  - change of taxonomic status of, 11.4, 11.6
- specimens as, 9.11, 11.1, 11.2, 11.5, 11.5A, 11.7, N11.7.1, 11.7A, 11.8, 11.9, 11H, 11I, 11J
- specimens that are not, 9C
- specimens that are not types as, 11.7, N11.7.1, 11.7A
  - information that must be provided, 11.8, 11.9
- type species of preexisting names under rank-based codes as, 11.10, 11.10A, 11.10B, N11.11.2
- type specimens as, 11.5, 11.5A, 11.6, 11.10, 11.10B
- with subordinate clades cited in definition, N11.1.1
Specimens, 9.14, 9C
- as specifiers. See Specifier(s), specimens as.
- citation of in protologue, N7.2.1
Spelling (name). See Name(s), spelling of.
Stability, nomenclatural, Pri4, 15.1
Starting date. See Date, starting.
Stem-based definition. See Definition(s), stem-based.
Stem-modified node-based definition. See Definition(s), stem-modified node-based.
Subdivisions of genera. See Genera, subdivisions of.
Subtaxa,
Suffixes. See Name(s), clade, suffixes.
Superfluous name. See Name(s), superfluous.
Suppressed name(s). See Name(s), suppressed.
Suppression (of names), 15, 15.4, 15.5, 15.7, 22.3, 22.6, 22.7 (See also Name(s), suppressed.)
Symbiogenesis, N2.1.3, N9.3.1
Synapomorphy(-ies, -ic), 9.9, N11.12.1.Ex2, G
Synonym(s), 6.5, 8.1B, 10.7.Ex1, 10E, 10E.1, 11.4, 11.10.Ex4, 11.14.Ex1, 14.1, N14.1.2, G
- definition, 14.1
- heterodefinitional, 14.1, N14.1.1, 15.4, G, AppC
- homodefinitional, 14.1, N14.1.1, 15.4, 15.5, G, AppC
- if names have different kinds of phylogenetic definitions, N14.1.2
- precedence among, 12.1, N12.1.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5
- suppression of, 15.4, 15.5, 15.7
Synonymy, 11.6, 14, AppC
- independent of rank, 3.2
- part of protologue, N7.2.1
Syntype. See Type specimen(s), as specifiers.
Taxon (taxa), G
- approximating named clade, N7.2.2, 9.15, N9.15.2, 10.1
- as referents of names, Pri1, Pri2
- categories of, 1
- composition of, 11A, 19.1, 20.4A
- concept of, Pri2
- conceptualization of, Pri5, N9.15.2, 15.13.Ex1–3
- excluded, N9.6.2
- extinct, 10.1B
- hierarchical relationships among, 21A
- “higher”, 10G
- and homonyms, 10D, 13.1
- infraspecific, 21.1, N21.1.1, G
- inclusion of, N9.15.2, 10.1B
- names of. See Name(s), taxon.
- newly discovered, Pri4
- non-monophyly (or doubtful monophyly) of, 21.3A.2, 21.3A.3, 21.3B
- one accepted name, Pri3
- phylogenetically conceptualized, Pri5
- previously discovered, Pri4
- relationship to specifiers, 11.11, N11.11.1, N11.11.2
- subordinate, N9.15.2
- and synonyms, 14.1
Taxonomic,
- freedom, Pri6
- history, 9B
- opinion, Pri6, N11.7.1
- rank. See Rank(s) (categorical).
Thesis (and publication), N4.2.3, 4.6
Total (in abbreviation of definition of panclade name), 10.5, N10.5.1
Total clade. See Clade(s), total.
Total-clade definition. See Definition(s), total-clade.
Traditional use. See Historical (traditional) or current use.
Transliteration, 17.1, 17.2, 18.2
Tree,
Type (nomenclatural), G (See also Type specimen(s).
Type specimen(s),
- ambiguous, 11C
- designation of, N7.2.1, 11.4, 11.6, 11.7A
- as specifiers, 11.5, 11.5A, 11.6, 11.10, 11.10B, N11.11.2, 11G.Ex1, 11H, 11I, 11J
  - kinds of types (holotype, lectotype, syntype), 11.5A, 11J
- of specifier species, 11.4
Type species. See Species, type.
Typographical errors. See Name(s), spelling of, correction of.
Unconditionally suppressed name. See Name(s), suppressed, unconditionally.
Uninomen (uninomina), 21.4, N21A.1, G
- combined with clade name that is not a genus name, 21A, N21A.1, N21A.2
  - ending does not have to change, N21A.1
- combined with more than one genus name and/or clade name, 21A
Uniqueness,
- of names, Pri3, 10F, 12.1
- of registration numbers, 20A
Unranked names, See Name(s), unranked.
Unrestricted emendation. See Definition(s), emendation of, unrestricted.
Zoo- (prefix), 10D, 17.1